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APPARATUS FOR EXTRAGTING FAT PROM WOOL.

P. N. TURNEY.

No. 573,727. -'.Pa,tented Dec. 22, 1896.

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APPARATUS FOR EXTRAOTING PAT FROM WOOL.

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P. N. TURNEY.

APPARATUS FOR BXTRAOTING PAT FROM WOOL.

No. 573,727. Patented Dec. 22, 1896.

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V P. N. TURNEY, APPARATUS FOR EXTRAGTING FAT PROM WOOL.

No. 573,727. Patented Dec. 22, 18-96.

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F. N. TURNEY. APPARATUS FOR B XTRAGTING FAT FROM WOOL. No. 573,727.Patented'Dec. 22, 1896.

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F. N. TURNEY. APPARATUS FOR EXTRAGT-ING FAT FROM WOOL.

No. 573,727. Patented Dec. 22, 1896.

7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

(No Model.)

F. N. TURNEY. APPARATUS FOR EXTRAGTING FAT FROM WOOL. No. 573,727.Patented Dec. 22, 1896.

Q \X \J UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK NICHOLSON TURNEY, OF NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FAT FROM WOOL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 57 3,727, datedDecember 22, 1896.

Application filed May 28,1896. Serial No. 593,399. (No model.)

To all whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK NICHOLSON TURNEY, a subject of the Queenof Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Nottingham, England, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Degreasingand Cleansing \Vool, Cottonaste, and Like Materials, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the method of and apparatusfor degreasing and cleansing wool,cotton-waste, and like materials,described in my former specification, Serial No. 567,637, filed November1, 1895.

According to my present improvements, instead of winding up the materialbetween the convolutions of a band I find it advantageous when suchmaterial is of short staple to feed it into the apparatus loosely or inbulk and to provide means inside such apparatus for delivering it to thesolvent-tanks in the form of a layer or sliver or in successive shortlayers or slivers. Furthermore, instead of employing perforated endlesstraveling aprons or sheets for carrying the material through thesolvent-tanks I arrange in such tanks false bottoms or trays to supportthe material during the beating or stamping operation and along whichthe material is fed or advanced by means of rakes and forks carried, incombination with the heaters or stamps, on frames having a to-and-fro orshogging motion. I also dispense with the endless bands for transportingthe material in the drying-chamber and substitute therefor perforatedtrays having a compound motioni. e. a combined to-and-fro and up-anddownmovementimparted to them by suitable means, and, lastly, I provide animproved form of evaporator for separating the volatile solvent from thesludge, grease, or oil withdrawn from the solvent-tanks.

In the accompanying clrawings,which readily explain my improvements,Figure 1 is a part sectional elevation, Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 3 an endelevation, of my improved apparatus, certain parts being omitted in Fig.1 for the sake of clearness. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section on anenlarged scale, showing the end portions of the degreasing-chamber Iemploy in this arrangement. Figs. 5

and 6 are longitudinal and transverse sections, respectively, also to alarger scale, showing the stamps or beaters and the rakes and forks,together with the mechanism for operatin g them. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 arerespectively a part sectional plan, end View, and crosssection of theevaporator above mentioned. Fig. 10 illustrates gear for operating thetrays in the drying-chamber, and Fig. 11 is a modification.

The entrance air-lock A is, for the object in view, in the form of avertical shaft or trunk, and is provided with sliding doors g and g,operated by rack-and-pinion mechanism g g.. g is a hopper arranged aboveand opening into the air-lock, the door 9 serving to shut offcommunication between the two. The said hopper is adapted to hold enoughloose material to fill the air-lock. Between this latter and thedegreasing-chamber A is an intermediate chamber A in which is arran edan elevator such as a belt 5 assin b 3 7 3 over pulleys g and providedwith spikes to cause-it to lift the material. The pulleys g are drivenby bevel-gear from a rotary shaft 713 A suitable leveling device, forinstance, a beater 9 is provided to form the material on the belt into alayer of approximately uniform thickness.

\Vhen the hopper is filled, its contents are transferred to the air-lockA by drawing back the upper door 9, the lower door g having beenpreviously closed. From the air-lock the material can be passed into theintermediate chamber A by drawing back the door 9', but care must betaken not to open either door until after the other one has been closed,and suitable interlocking mechanism may be provided to insure this, ifdesired.

From the elevator g the material falls through an opening 11 over aledge a (see Fig. 5) into the first of the solvent-tanks a, which tanksare shallower than those before used by me, and have a central well,into which their converging sides lead, while each of them has aperforated false bottom a in place of the endless bands. bottoms thematerial is beaten or stamped, during which time it is fed forward stepby step by rakes or tines h, and at their ends where the material leavesthem they are curved upwardly, as more clearly shown at a in Fig. 5, todirect the material to the Upon these false squeezing -rolls a, whoseaxles pass out through stuffing-boxes in the walls of thedegreasing-chamber, and are driven by wormwheels k from the shaft Thematerial is raised up these curved ends a by rocking forks t', operatedas hereinafter described.

The beaters or stamps d, rakes 71., and rocking forks 11 are all carriedby frames cl", secured to channel-bars 7;, extending the whole length ofthe chamber and resting on rollers 7;, running on suitably-supportedrails A reciprocating or shogging motion is imparted to the saidchannel-bars and frames from outside the degreasing-chamber by means ofa rod 7. passing through stuffing-boxes k and coupled by connecting-rods71: to crank-pins on disks is, mounted on a shaft k driven throughsuitable gearfrom a pair of fast and loose pulleys 70.

The beat'ers or stamps of each set are worked by cams or wipers d on ashaft (1 as in my aforesaid prior specification. Owing to the shoggingmovement of the beater-frame d, a different arrangement is employed foroperating the shaft (1 For this purpose a main shaft (Z ,which operatesall the sets of boaters, extends along the degreasing-chamber A andpasses out through a stulfing-box (Z in the end wall thereof. This shaftpartakes of the shogging motion, and its bearings are so shaped as topermit of this. It is driven by a bevel-pinion (Z at its outer end,having a feather-and-slot connection with it, so that while it is freeto slide to and fro through the v boss of the pinion it is always inrotary connection therewith. The pinion (Z gears with a correspondingpinion (Z on the aforesaid shaft 75 Motion for operating the beaters istransmitted from the main shaft to the wipershafts d by spur-wheels d (1which either aredireotly in gear or have an idle-pinion 21 between the min cases where the motion would not be in the proper direction. (SeeFig. 6.) The rakes or tines h for feeding forward the material are keptraised during the back ward movement of the beater-frames and areallowed to descend at the beginning of their forward movements to catchthe material and push it forward. These up and down movements areobtained from the main shaft (Z by cams h, actuating their respectiverakes through the intervention of a rocking arm 7L2 and connecting-linkh Guide-rods 71', working in guides 7L5, insure the regular movement ofthe rakes. The rocking forks i also partake of these up and downmovements, for which purpose the shafts 'L', on which they are carried,pass through bearings fitted in supporting-brackets secured to theguiderods h of the rakes. These brackets 2' are of rectangular form, sothat during the shogging movement they slide over the bearings of theshafts i, but when the rakes move up or down they carry theshaft-bearings with them. The said shafts 71' of the rockingforks arerestrained from to-and-fro movement by means of vertical guides "5 inwhich, however,they are free to rise and fall. As they can thus onlymove in one plane, the rocking motion can readily be imparted to them bymeans of a connecting-rod 1 attached to the frame (1. Their action willbe readily understood. As shown in Fig. 5, they are in their lowestposition and the beaterframe d is shogged back. hen, however, the framemoves forward, the connecting-rod 2' will cause the forks 2' to swing upto the top of the curve a, carrying the material with them, which isthen swept by a doffer t to the squeezing-rolls a Before the frame (1shogs back the rakes 7e, and with them the shafts of the rocking forks,are raised into their highest position, so that when the rearward motionof the frame takes place and the rocking forks swing back again theirtips pass clear above any material that has been pushed forward by therakes and into such a position that at the next descent of the rakesthey pass down into and engage such material. By these means thematerial, while being beaten, is fed forward successively through thewhole of the tanks, and is wrung or squeezed 011 leaving each tank.

After leaving the last set of squeezing-rolls a the material falls downthe shaft or trunk G into the drying-chamber B and onto the.

upper of two horizontal trays Z, (although a greater number may beemployed,) having bottoms of perforated zinc or wire-net, on which it isdried by the current of heated air. These trays are supported oncrank-pins secured to crank-disks Z, so that as the disks revolve theyreceive a to-and-fro as well as an up-and-down movement. The crank-disksturn more quickly during one part of their revolution than during theother part, so as to throw the material forward upon the trays. Thisvariable speed can be imparted by any suitable means, such, for example,as the elliptical gear shown in Figs. 10 and 11. As shown in thesefigures, the crank-disks Z have spur-teeth, and are driven by aspur-wheel a upon the shaft a, which is rotated by miterwheels 0 fromthe counter-shaft o, and this, in turn, is driven from the ellipticalgearing p and the driving-pulley 1) on the shaft 13 In Fig. 10 thisdriving-gear operates a single tray only, so that where two trays areemployed two sets of driving mechanism would be required. In Fig. 11,however, this is avoided by causing the toothed disks l of each tray toengage with a single spur-wheel a. As this requires the trays to becloser together, the shaft 2t may be arranged to pass through aperturesI in'the side walls of the lower tray.

The heated air enters the drying-chamber by a pipe e from the fan orblower D and leaves it by an opening 6 and after passing through theevaporator G, hereinafter described, it is led to the condenser F,wherein the solvent with which it is loaded is condensed and recovered,and from which it passes through the pipe 10 into a tank, whence it ispumped back into the degreasingchamher, while the air is drawn by thefan into the air-heater E, being thus caused to circulate continuously,as in my former specification, and being caused, by the horizontalpartition e, to flow along the drying-chamberand back again over orthrough the material in the trays, as indicated by the arrows.

After leaving the lower tray the material passes to the exit air-lock Bby means of the endless vertical belts f, as described in my aforesaidprior specification.

The used and dirty solvent and sludge are withdrawn from the tanks a andled by pipes a to the steam-jacketed cylindrical evaporator G, along thebottom of which it flows, the rate of flow being checked by a series oftransverse segmental plates m of gradually-decreasing height if theevaporator be arranged horizontally, but of equal height if it beinclined. IVheels m or other suitable means may be provided to keep thesludge agitated, and they may be mounted on a shaft m driven by a wormand worm-wheel arrangement m There may be two or more such wheelsdisposed between each pair of the segmental plates or and connectedtogether by angleirons m which act as scrapers and agitate the sludge. Aplate or bafiie m is fixed between two of the arms of each wheel toprevent the solvent vapor passing in a straight line through theevaporator. The solvent distils off from the sludge as it flows throughthe evaporator and is withdrawn by a current of heated air passing inthe opposite direction to the sludge. This air is the same which hasbeen used in the drying-chamber. It enters the evaporator by the trunkand leaves it by the corresponding trunk m through which it passes tothe condenser F, thence to the heater E and the fan D, by which it isreturned to the drying-chamber B, so circulating continuously, aspreviously stated. The grease, oil, and sludge remaining after thesolvent is distilled off are withdrawn by a waste-pipe m Having nowdescribed my invention, what I claim is- 1. In apparatus for degreasingand cleansing wool, cotton-waste and like materials, the combinationwith a series of solvent-tanks, of an entrance air-lock provided with ahopper to receive the material in a loose form, a vapor-tight chamberarranged between said air-lock and tanks, and in communication with bothof them, an endless belt armed with spikes or teeth for raising thematerial from the lower part of the chamber to the first of the tanks,and a leveling device at the upper part of the belt for forming thematerial into a continuous or practically continuous sheet or layer,substantially as described.

2. In apparatus for degreasing and cleansing wool, cotton-waste and likematerials, the combination of beaters, shogging-frames carrying saidbeaters, rakes and rocking forks for advancing or feeding forward thematerials, and means for operating said beaters, rakes, and forks,substantially as described.

In apparatus for degreasing and cleansin g wool, cotton-waste, and likematerials, the combination of the dryingchamber, perforated rockingtrays in said chamber, crankdisks carrying said trays, and means fordriving said crank-disks with a variable speed, substantially asdescribed.

4. In apparatus for degreasing and cleans in g wool, cotton-waste, andlike materials, the steam-jacketed evaporator having transversesegmental partitions m and revolving wheels m carrying scrapers m andbaffle-plates m substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. In apparatus for degreasing and cleansing wool, cotton-waste, andlike materials, the combination of a degreasing-chamber, beaters, rakes,and forks in said degreasing-chamber, a vertical entrance air-lock,sliding doors at the upper and lower ends thereof, an intermediatechamber between said entrance air-lock and degreasing-chamber, anelevator in said intermediate chamber, a hopper above said air-lock, adryingchamber connected with said degreasing-chamber, rocking trays insaid drying-chamber, mechanism for operating said trays, an exitair-lock for removing the dried material, and means for transferring thematerial from the dryin g-chamber to the exit air-lock, substantially asdescribed.

6. In apparatus for degreasing and cleansin g wool, cotton-waste, andlike materials, the combination of a degreasingchamber, solvent-tanks insaid degreasing-chamber, perforated false bottoms in said tanks, beatersfor beating the material, rakes and forks for advancing the material, ashogging-frame carrying said beaters, rakes, and forks, means foroperating the same, a vertical entrance airlock, sliding doors at theupper and lower ends thereof, an intermediate chamber between saidentrance air-lock and degreasing-chamber, an elevator in saidintermediate chamber, a hopper above said air-lock, and means for dryingthe material, and for recovering the used solvent, substantially asdescribed.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

FREDERICK NICHOLSON TURKEY.

XV itnesses:

ALFRED CLARKE, WILLIAM COOPER.

IIO

